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GroupTheory

  

WreathProduct

  

form the wreath product of groups

  

RegularWreathProduct

  

form the regular wreath product of groups

 

Calling Sequence

Parameters

Description

Examples

Calling Sequence

WreathProduct( G, H, ... )

RegularWreathProduct( G, H, ... )

Parameters

G,H, ...

-

two or more permutation groups

Description

• 

Let G and H be permutation groups. The wreath product G ≀ H_ of G by H is a permutation group constructed as a semi-direct product of d copies of G (called the base group), where d is the degree of H, and the action of H on the base group is the action of H by permuting the copies of G. Thus, the order of G ≀ H_ is equal to Gd⁢H, and the degree of the wreath product is the product of the degrees of G and H.

• 

The regular wreath product of G and H is the wreath product in which H is considered as a regular permutation group on itself. (This is also called the "standard wreath product".)

• 

The WreathProduct( G, H ) command returns a permutation group that is the wreath product G ≀ H_.

• 

If more than two groups are provided as input, then an iterated wreath product is constructed using the left associative rule. For example, WreathProduct( A, B, C, D ) returns ((A ≀ B) ≀ C) ≀ D_.

• 

The RegularWreathProduct( G, H ) command returns the regular wreath product of G and H. In this case, it is not required that H be a permutation group, as a regular permutation representation of the finite group H is used instead. (Here, H may be either a Cayley table group or a finitely presented finite group, as well as a permutation group, which need not be itself regular.)

Examples

> 

with⁡GroupTheory:

> 

G≔WreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡2,CyclicGroup⁡2

G≔1,2,1,32,4

(1)
> 

AreIsomorphic⁡G,DihedralGroup⁡4

true

(2)

Iterated wreath products appear naturally as Sylow subgroups of symmetric groups of prime power degree.

> 

AreIsomorphic⁡WreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3,SylowSubgroup⁡3,Symm⁡9

true

(3)
> 

AreIsomorphic⁡WreathProduct⁡`$`⁡CyclicGroup⁡2,3,SylowSubgroup⁡2,Symm⁡23

true

(4)

Note that iterated wreath products grow quite rapidly.

> 

GroupOrder⁡WreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3

81

(5)
> 

GroupOrder⁡WreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3

1594323

(6)
> 

GroupOrder⁡WreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3

12157665459056928801

(7)
> 

GroupOrder⁡WreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3,CyclicGroup⁡3

5391030899743293631239539488528815119194426882613553319203

(8)
> 

W≔WreathProduct⁡Alt⁡4,Symm⁡3

W≔1,2,3,2,3,4,1,52,63,74,8,1,5,92,6,103,7,114,8,12

(9)
> 

GroupOrder⁡W

10368

(10)

The wreath product construction is not commutative; notice that even the order is different.

> 

GroupOrder⁡WreathProduct⁡Symm⁡3,Alt⁡4

15552

(11)

Note that the regular wreath product is also different in this case, since the second argument here is not the regular permutation representation of the symmetric group.

> 

GroupOrder⁡RegularWreathProduct⁡Alt⁡4,Symm⁡3

17915904

(12)

Since both S3 and A4 are transitive, so too is their wreath product.

> 

IsTransitive⁡W

true

(13)

However, in general, the wreath product is not primitive.

> 

IsPrimitive⁡W

false

(14)
> 

BlockSystem⁡W

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12

(15)

Here we construct a wreath product with an intransitive second argument.

> 

W≔WreathProduct⁡Alt⁡4,Group⁡Perm⁡1,2,3,4:

The resulting group is not transitive.

> 

IsTransitive⁡W

false

(16)
> 

map⁡Elements,Orbits⁡W

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16

(17)

Here we construct a wreath product with an intransitive first argument.

> 

W≔WreathProduct⁡Group⁡Perm⁡1,2,3,4,Symm⁡3:

Again, the result is an intransitive group.

> 

IsTransitive⁡W

false

(18)
> 

map⁡Elements,Orbits⁡W

1,2,5,6,9,10,3,4,7,8,11,12

(19)
> 

W≔RegularWreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡2,a,b|a2,b3,a·b5=1

W≔1,2,1,32,45,136,147,158,169,1710,1811,1912,2021,3722,3823,3924,4025,4126,4227,4328,4429,4530,4631,4732,4833,4934,5035,5136,5253,7354,7455,7556,7657,5958,6061,7762,7863,7964,8065,8166,8267,6968,7071,8372,8485,10786,10887,8988,9091,10992,11093,11194,11295,9796,9899,101100,102103,113104,114105,115106,116117,119118,120,1,5,72,6,83,9,114,10,1213,21,2314,22,2415,25,2716,26,2817,29,3118,30,3219,33,3520,34,3637,51,5338,52,5439,55,5740,56,5841,59,6142,60,6243,63,4544,64,4647,65,6748,66,6849,69,7150,70,7273,85,8774,86,8875,89,9176,90,9277,93,9578,94,9679,97,9980,98,10081,101,10382,102,10483,105,10784,106,108109,117,111110,118,112113,119,115114,120,116

(20)
> 

IsPrimitive⁡W

false

(21)
> 

BlockSystem⁡W

1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120

(22)
> 

S≔Stabilizer⁡109,W:

> 

Index⁡S,W

120

(23)
> 

GroupOrder⁡S

576460752303423488

(24)
> 

IsElementary⁡S

true

(25)
> 

DirectFactors⁡S

119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,119,120,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,117,118,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,115,116,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,113,114,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,111,112,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,107,108,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,105,106,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,103,104,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,101,102,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,99,100,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,97,98,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,95,96,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,93,94,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,91,92,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,89,90,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,87,88,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,85,86,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,83,84,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,81,82,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,79,80,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,77,78,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,75,76,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,73,74,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,71,72,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,69,70,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,67,68,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,65,66,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,63,64,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,61,62,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,59,60,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,29,30,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,27,28,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,25,26,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,23,24,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,21,22,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,19,20,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,17,18,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,15,16,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,13,14,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,3,4,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,5,6,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,7,8,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,9,10,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,11,12,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,31,32,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,33,34,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,35,36,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,37,38,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,39,40,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,41,42,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,43,44,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,45,46,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,47,48,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,49,50,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,51,52,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,53,54,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,55,56,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58,57,58

(26)

Notice that, if a group is already regular, then its regular wreath product is isomorphic to the ordinary wreath product.

> 

R≔TransitiveGroup⁡6,2

R≔1,3,52,4,6,1,42,35,6

(27)
> 

IsRegular⁡R

true

(28)
> 

AreIsomorphic⁡WreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡2,R,RegularWreathProduct⁡CyclicGroup⁡2,R

true

(29)

See Also

GroupTheory

GroupTheory[AlternatingGroup]

GroupTheory[AreIsomorphic]

GroupTheory[CyclicGroup]

GroupTheory[DihedralGroup]

GroupTheory[DirectProduct]

GroupTheory[GroupOrder]

GroupTheory[IsPrimitive]

GroupTheory[IsTransitive]

GroupTheory[Orbits]

GroupTheory[SymmetricGroup]