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Tensor[SpinConnection] - compute the spin connection defined by a solder form

Calling Sequences

     SpinConnection(σ)

Parameters

    σ   - a solder form

 

Description

Examples

See Also

Description

• 

The DifferentialGeometry Tensor package supports general computations with connections on vector bundles (Connection, Example 3; CovariantDerivative, Example 3; DirectionalCovariantDerivative, Example 3; and CurvatureTensor, Example 3).  This functionality naturally provides for covariant differentiation of spinors.

• 

The command SpinConnection(σ) computes the connection compatible with the solder form σ and the epsilon spinors.

• 

Given a solder form σ, let g be the associated metric. There is a unique spin connection ∇ such that ∇σ=0 and ∇ε=0, where ε denotes either of the epsilon spinors (EpsilonSpinor). In the definition of ∇σ the tensorial argument (or index) is covariantly differentiated with respect to the Christoffel connection for g. It is this connection ∇ which is computed by the command SpinConnection(sigma).

• 

Note that a generic connection for the differentiation of spinors can be constructed using the Connection command.

• 

This command is part of the DifferentialGeometry:-Tensor package, and so can be used in the form SpinConnection(...) only after executing the commands with(DifferentialGeometry); with(Tensor); in that order.  It can always be used in the long form DifferentialGeometry:-Tensor:-SpinConnection.

Examples

> 

with⁡DifferentialGeometry:with⁡Tensor:

 

Example 1.

First create a vector bundle E→M with base coordinates t,x,y,z and fiber coordinates z1, z2, w1, w2.

> 

DGsetup⁡t,x,y,z,z1,z2,w1,w2,E

frame name: E

(2.1)

 

Define a spacetime metric g on M.

E > 

g≔evalDG⁡x4⁢dt&tdt−dx&tdx−dy&tdy−dz&tdz

g≔x4⁢dt⁢dt−dx⁢dx−dy⁢dy−dz⁢dz

(2.2)

 

Define an orthonormal frame on M with respect to the metric g.

E > 

F≔evalDG⁡1x2⁢D_t,D_x,D_y,D_z

F≔1x2⁢D_t,D_x,D_y,D_z

(2.3)

 

Calculate the solder form σ from the frame F.

E > 

σ≔SolderForm⁡F

σ≔x2⁢22⁢dt⁢D_z1⁢D_w1+x2⁢22⁢dt⁢D_z2⁢D_w2+22⁢dx⁢D_z1⁢D_w2+22⁢dx⁢D_z2⁢D_w1−I2⁢2⁢dy⁢D_z1⁢D_w2+I2⁢2⁢dy⁢D_z2⁢D_w1+22⁢dz⁢D_z1⁢D_w1−22⁢dz⁢D_z2⁢D_w2

(2.4)

 

Calculate the spin-connection for the solder form σ.

E > 

Γ2≔SpinConnection⁡σ

Γ2≔x⁢D_z1⁢dz2⁢dt+x⁢D_z2⁢dz1⁢dt+x⁢D_w1⁢dw2⁢dt+x⁢D_w2⁢dw1⁢dt

(2.5)

 

Example 2.

Define a rank 1 spinor φ. Calculate the covariant derivative of φ. Calculate the directional derivatives of φ.

E > 

φ≔evalDG⁡t2⁢D_z1−1y⁢D_z2

φ≔t2⁢D_z1−1y⁢D_z2

(2.6)
E > 

CovariantDerivative⁡φ,Γ2

−x+2⁢t⁢yy⁢D_z1⁢dt+x⁢t2⁢D_z2⁢dt+1y2⁢D_z2⁢dy

(2.7)
E > 

DirectionalCovariantDerivative⁡D_x,φ,Γ2

0⁢D_z1

(2.8)
E > 

DirectionalCovariantDerivative⁡D_y,φ,Γ2

1y2⁢D_z2

(2.9)
E > 

DirectionalCovariantDerivative⁡D_z,φ,Γ2

0⁢D_z1

(2.10)
E > 

DirectionalCovariantDerivative⁡y⁢D_t,φ,Γ2

−x+2⁢t⁢y⁢D_z1+x⁢y⁢t2⁢D_z2

(2.11)

 

Example 3.

Check that the covariant derivative of σ vanishes. Because σ is a spin-tensor, two connections are required. Calculate the Christoffel connection for the metric g.

E > 

Γ1≔Christoffel⁡g

Γ1≔2x⁢D_t⁢dt⁢dx+2x⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dt+2⁢x3⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dt

(2.12)
E > 

CovariantDerivative⁡σ,Γ1,Γ2

0⁢dt⁢D_z1⁢D_z1⁢dt

(2.13)

 

Define an epsilon spinor and check that its covariant derivative vanishes.

E > 

Eps≔EpsilonSpinor⁡cov,spinor

Eps≔dz1⁢dz2−dz2⁢dz1

(2.14)
E > 

CovariantDerivative⁡Eps,Γ2

0⁢dz1⁢dz1⁢dt

(2.15)

 

Example 4.

Calculate the curvature spin-tensor for the spin-connection Gamma2.

E > 

F≔CurvatureTensor⁡Γ2

F≔−D_z1⁢dz2⁢dt⁢dx+D_z1⁢dz2⁢dx⁢dt−D_z2⁢dz1⁢dt⁢dx+D_z2⁢dz1⁢dx⁢dt−D_w1⁢dw2⁢dt⁢dx+D_w1⁢dw2⁢dx⁢dt−D_w2⁢dw1⁢dt⁢dx+D_w2⁢dw1⁢dx⁢dt

(2.16)

 

The curvature tensor R for the Christoffel connection can be expressed in terms of the curvature spin-tensor F and the bivector solder forms S by the identity

 

2 Ri jhk=Si jA BFA Bhk + Si jA' B'FA' B'hk.    (*)

 

Let's check this formula for the Christoffel connection Gamma1 and the spin-connection Gamma2. First calculate the curvature tensor for Gamma1.

E > 

R≔CurvatureTensor⁡Γ1

R≔−2x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dt⁢dx+2x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dx⁢dt−2⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dt⁢dx+2⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dx⁢dt

(2.17)

 

Calculate the complex conjugate of the spinor curvature F.

E > 

barF≔ConjugateSpinor⁡F

barF≔−D_z1⁢dz2⁢dt⁢dx+D_z1⁢dz2⁢dx⁢dt−D_z2⁢dz1⁢dt⁢dx+D_z2⁢dz1⁢dx⁢dt−D_w1⁢dw2⁢dt⁢dx+D_w1⁢dw2⁢dx⁢dt−D_w2⁢dw1⁢dt⁢dx+D_w2⁢dw1⁢dx⁢dt

(2.18)

 

Calculate the bivector soldering forms S and barS.

E > 

S≔BivectorSolderForm⁡σ,spinor,indextype=con,cov,cov,con

S≔1x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dz1⁢D_z2+1x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dz2⁢D_z1+Ix2⁢D_t⁢dy⁢dz1⁢D_z2−Ix2⁢D_t⁢dy⁢dz2⁢D_z1+1x2⁢D_t⁢dz⁢dz1⁢D_z1−1x2⁢D_t⁢dz⁢dz2⁢D_z2+x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dz1⁢D_z2+x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dz2⁢D_z1−I⁢D_x⁢dy⁢dz1⁢D_z1+I⁢D_x⁢dy⁢dz2⁢D_z2−D_x⁢dz⁢dz1⁢D_z2+D_x⁢dz⁢dz2⁢D_z1+I⁢x2⁢D_y⁢dt⁢dz1⁢D_z2−I⁢x2⁢D_y⁢dt⁢dz2⁢D_z1+I⁢D_y⁢dx⁢dz1⁢D_z1−I⁢D_y⁢dx⁢dz2⁢D_z2−I⁢D_y⁢dz⁢dz1⁢D_z2−I⁢D_y⁢dz⁢dz2⁢D_z1+x2⁢D_z⁢dt⁢dz1⁢D_z1−x2⁢D_z⁢dt⁢dz2⁢D_z2+D_z⁢dx⁢dz1⁢D_z2−D_z⁢dx⁢dz2⁢D_z1+I⁢D_z⁢dy⁢dz1⁢D_z2+I⁢D_z⁢dy⁢dz2⁢D_z1

(2.19)
E > 

barS≔BivectorSolderForm⁡σ,barspinor,indextype=con,cov,cov,con

barS≔1x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dw1⁢D_w2+1x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dw2⁢D_w1−Ix2⁢D_t⁢dy⁢dw1⁢D_w2+Ix2⁢D_t⁢dy⁢dw2⁢D_w1+1x2⁢D_t⁢dz⁢dw1⁢D_w1−1x2⁢D_t⁢dz⁢dw2⁢D_w2+x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dw1⁢D_w2+x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dw2⁢D_w1+I⁢D_x⁢dy⁢dw1⁢D_w1−I⁢D_x⁢dy⁢dw2⁢D_w2−D_x⁢dz⁢dw1⁢D_w2+D_x⁢dz⁢dw2⁢D_w1−I⁢x2⁢D_y⁢dt⁢dw1⁢D_w2+I⁢x2⁢D_y⁢dt⁢dw2⁢D_w1−I⁢D_y⁢dx⁢dw1⁢D_w1+I⁢D_y⁢dx⁢dw2⁢D_w2+I⁢D_y⁢dz⁢dw1⁢D_w2+I⁢D_y⁢dz⁢dw2⁢D_w1+x2⁢D_z⁢dt⁢dw1⁢D_w1−x2⁢D_z⁢dt⁢dw2⁢D_w2+D_z⁢dx⁢dw1⁢D_w2−D_z⁢dx⁢dw2⁢D_w1−I⁢D_z⁢dy⁢dw1⁢D_w2−I⁢D_z⁢dy⁢dw2⁢D_w1

(2.20)

 

The first term on the right-hand side of (*) is

E > 

R1≔ContractIndices⁡S,F,3,1,4,2

R1≔−2x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dt⁢dx+2x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dx⁢dt−2⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dt⁢dx+2⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dx⁢dt+2⁢I⁢D_y⁢dz⁢dt⁢dx−2⁢I⁢D_y⁢dz⁢dx⁢dt−2⁢I⁢D_z⁢dy⁢dt⁢dx+2⁢I⁢D_z⁢dy⁢dx⁢dt

(2.21)

 

The second term on the right-hand side of (*) is

E > 

R2≔ContractIndices⁡barS,barF,3,1,4,2

R2≔−2x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dt⁢dx+2x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dx⁢dt−2⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dt⁢dx+2⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dx⁢dt−2⁢I⁢D_y⁢dz⁢dt⁢dx+2⁢I⁢D_y⁢dz⁢dx⁢dt+2⁢I⁢D_z⁢dy⁢dt⁢dx−2⁢I⁢D_z⁢dy⁢dx⁢dt

(2.22)
E > 

LHS≔2&multR

LHS≔−4x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dt⁢dx+4x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dx⁢dt−4⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dt⁢dx+4⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dx⁢dt

(2.23)
E > 

RHS≔R1&plusR2

RHS≔−4x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dt⁢dx+4x2⁢D_t⁢dx⁢dx⁢dt−4⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dt⁢dx+4⁢x2⁢D_x⁢dt⁢dx⁢dt

(2.24)
E > 

LHS&minusRHS

0⁢D_t⁢dt⁢dt⁢dt

(2.25)

See Also

DifferentialGeometry, Tensor, BivectorSolderForm, Connection, Physics[Christoffel], CovariantDerivative, Physics[D_], DirectionalCovariantDerivative, CurvatureTensor, Physics[Riemann], EnergyMomentumTensor, EpsilonSpinor, MatterFieldEquations