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SumTools[Hypergeometric]

  

WZMethod

  

perform Wilf-Zeilberger's algorithm

 

Calling Sequence

Parameters

Description

Examples

References

Calling Sequence

WZMethod(f,r,n,k,cert)

Parameters

f

-

function of n and k

r

-

function of n

n

-

variable

k

-

variable

cert

-

(optional) name; assigned the computed WZ certificate

Description

• 

The WZMethod(f,r,n,k,cert) command certifies identities of the form ∑k⁡f⁡n,k=r⁡n.

• 

Let F⁡n,k=f⁡n,kr⁡n if r⁡n≠0 and F⁡n,k=f⁡n,k, otherwise. If the method succeeds in certifying the given identity, the output is a list of two elements F,G representing the WZ-pair F,G such that F⁡n+1,k−F⁡n,k=G⁡n,k+1−G⁡n,k. Otherwise, it returns the error message "WZ method fails".

• 

If the method is successful and if the fifth optional argument cert is given, cert is assigned the WZ certificate R⁡n,k=G⁡n,kF⁡n,k.

• 

It is assumed that for each integer 0≤n, limk→∞⁡G⁡n,k=0 and limk→−∞⁡G⁡n,k=0.

Examples

> 

with⁡SumToolsHypergeometric:

Proof of Gauss's 2F1 identity:

> 

f≔n+k!⁢b+k!⁢c−n−1!⁢c−b−1!c+k!⁢n−1!⁢c−n−b−1!⁢k+1!⁢b−1!

f≔n+k!⁢b+k!⁢c−n−1!⁢c−b−1!c+k!⁢n−1!⁢c−n−b−1!⁢k+1!⁢b−1!

(1)
> 

r≔1

r≔1

(2)
> 

WZpair≔WZMethod⁡f,r,n,k,cert:

> 

F≔WZpair1

F≔n+k!⁢b+k!⁢c−n−1!⁢c−b−1!c+k!⁢n−1!⁢c−n−b−1!⁢k+1!⁢b−1!

(3)
> 

G≔WZpair2

G≔−c−n−2−b!⁢n!⁢n+k!⁢c−n−1!−c−n−2!⁢n+1+k!⁢n−1!⁢c−n−b−1!⁢b+k!⁢c−b−1!⁢c+k⁢k+1c−n−b−1!⁢n−1!⁢b−1!⁢k+1!⁢c−n−2−b!⁢n!⁢c+k!⁢b⁢k+b⁢n−c⁢k+n⁢k+b−c+k+n+1

(4)
> 

cert

−k+1⁢c+kc−n−1⁢n

(5)

Proof of Dixon's identity:

> 

F≔−1k⁢binomial⁡n+b,n+k⁢binomial⁡n+c,c+k⁢binomial⁡b+c,b+k

F≔−1k⁢n+bn+k⁢n+cc+k⁢b+cb+k

(6)
> 

r≔n+b+c!n!⁢b!⁢c!

r≔n+b+c!n!⁢b!⁢c!

(7)
> 

WZpair≔WZMethod⁡F,r,n,k,certificate:

> 

F≔WZpair1

F≔−1k⁢n+bn+k⁢n+cc+k⁢b+cb+k⁢n!⁢b!⁢c!n+b+c!

(8)
> 

G≔WZpair2

G≔−n+1+bn+1+k⁢n+1+cc+k⁢n+1!⁢n+b+c!−n+1+b+c!⁢n+bn+k⁢n+cc+k⁢n!⁢c!⁢b!⁢b+cb+k⁢−1k⁢c+k⁢n+1+k⁢b+k2⁢n+b+c!⁢n+1+b+c!⁢b⁢c⁢n+b⁢k2+c⁢k2+k2⁢n+c⁢b+k2

(9)
> 

certificate

c+k⁢b+k2⁢−n+k−1⁢n+1+b+c

(10)

References

  

Wilf, H., and Zeilberger, D. "Rational function certify combinatorial identities." J. Amer. Math. Soc. Vol. 3. (1990): 147-158.

See Also

limit

Sum

SumTools[Hypergeometric]

SumTools[Hypergeometric][Gosper]